Can you use a port filter firewall to implement a setup where one VM accesses a DNS server and another VM is prevented from accessing the web server?

The correct choice highlights that both a port filter firewall and the Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) can be configured to meet the specific access requirements outlined in the scenario.

A port filter firewall operates by allowing or blocking traffic based on defined port numbers. This means you can configure rules that permit one virtual machine (VM) to reach the DNS server on the appropriate port while simultaneously blocking another VM from accessing the web server on its respective ports. By setting up access control lists (ACLs) for certain ports, you can manage which VMs can communicate with specified servers, fulfilling the requirement.

The Palo Alto Networks NGFW, being a more advanced firewall solution, offers even more granular control over traffic based on various criteria, including application awareness and user identification. This level of monitoring allows it to enforce policies that are more sophisticated, such as allowing one VM to access a DNS server while preventing another VM from establishing a connection to a web server, regardless of the ports used.

Thus, both firewall types can be utilized effectively to implement the desired traffic management, confirming that either would work for the scenario presented.